Renal impairment is frequently caused by blockage of the urine flow through urinary tract. Obstructive nephropathy can be induced by either unilateral or bilateral obstruction of ureter. For a long time, obstructive nephropathy was thought to be only a mechanical issue. Recent developments in cell and systems biology, have shown a complex physiopathology including a large number of molecular mediators of injury that contribute to cellular processes such as apoptotic cell death, cell injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. A chronic blockage causes tubular and glomerular obstruction. In addition to the acute impact on glomerular filtration rate and tubule function, interstitial damage also caused by the activation of several pathways. Chronic tubulointerstitial damage develops when tubulointerstitial injury progresses. Tubular atrophy,hypertropy, inflammatory cell infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis are signs of renal injury. Based on current knowledge of the pathophysiology of renal damage, this minireview highlights the emerging events observed in obstructive nephropathy.