Shekhar Chand

  Today the whole world is facing a very big problem, as novel coronavirus outbreak, the SARS CoV-2 infection, which spread to different countries including India by the starting months of 2020. By observing the severity of infection, the government of India imposed a condition of lockdown in whole country. Methods:The carried out survey based study in Muzaffarnagar,India,tried to find the health status and change in behaviour of people by taking their views in lockdown period.  Data of 539 people were taken from medicine sale centres and views of 432 (336 male, 96 female) people from their homeswere recorded during lockdown period from March 30,2020 to June 01,2020. After analysis of designed study tool data, based on house hold survey basis, the results were calculated in percent. Results:The present study revealed as 28.57% male people were found with anxiety, depression, and irritable behaviour. Approximately 65.47% male and 72.91% female individuals expressed fear from nCov outbreak. In rural areas, more than 90% people were expressed no fear of coronavirus infection and they were not wishing or aware to wear a face mask, regular use of soap to wash hands, use of sanitizer or other COVID-19 guidelines. Only less than 10% people were maintaining COVID-19 guidelines in rural areas.Conclusion: The imposed lockdown condition affected the routine life of people. People were found with different body disorders as anxiety, hypertension and digestive troubles. People in very less percentage were found maintaining COVID-19 guidelines in rural areas. 57.5% people were found in depression and anxiety due to lost of their jobs.

Dr. Shweta Tiwari

The point of departure for this study is the understanding of customer relationship management (CRM) as a set of technological solutions key for efficient business management, the benefits of which, highlighted by previous works, are presented and defined here as crucial for entrepreneurial success. Of particular interest for this purpose are the existing studies on sustainability, which provide a viable research model to assess and validate the potential effect of each CRM component (sales, marketing, and services) on the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental, and social). Upon confirmation of our hypotheses, the subsequent validation of such model should bring a better understanding of the way in which CRM-related benefits may increase the positive impact of its components on each dimension of sustainability. CRM can hence be considered a sort of Green IT, oriented toward digital transformation and sustainable business model innovation. Indeed, this research model may be the basis for a more specific methodology to measure the impact and benefits of applying CRM, understood, as we will contend, both in terms of sustainable business models and innovation.

Dr.Harsha Assotikar

Thinking skill in the hospitality industry in the modern day is the focal point which is missed in many students. The students are been taught in India from early schooling to memorization which has little time for the development of thinking skills, which fails to address the deeper understanding and overall learning experience. Learning to raise a suitable question to the problem and presume information in order to construct a better association with the information is also crucial. This research paper highlights on exploring the possibility of guiding student’s thinking skill abilities in hospitality school to include the opportunity for progressive learning. The prospective students of hospitality should be encouraged to combine an ethical and monetary element in their later business practices. The intention of this research is to recognize the bridge in understanding, enumerate their capability to compose their knowledge of the material, and for the hospitality students to realize the material sufficient to create a perceptive question showcasing their understanding of the material. A secondary aspect of this research thinking skill ability will give better opportunity to the students to prosper in the hospitality industry.

Subhash Deshkukh

In preponderance of the cases the ongoing development model propelled by the market forces often goes against the interest of the very section of people that sacrifice their hearth and home for economic development of the nation. In order to throw light on the inadequacy of the state’s resettlement and rehabilitation policy measures for the people affected by the modern development projects and their social and ecological consequences on the livelihood of the ecosystem people, the paper attempts to make a critical analysis of the present state of living of the families displaced during 1950s and 1960s by three public sector steel plants in India. The findings are based on primary data collected by the author through fieldwork in the three steel cities and their peripheries during 2007-08.

1Aiswarya Sivadas,2Akhil Padmakumar,3Parvathy S Deepu

This study is conducted tofind out the effect of academic stress on the mental health of undergraduate students in this emerging situation of COVID 19. The problem that motivates for the study is because of the pandemic which caused a major change in student’s life like Stress,which may lead to Depression. In this study we used online survey for data collection and used Percentage analysis and regression analysis for the data analysis. This study proves that academic stress has an effect on student’s mental health during covid 19.

Dr. Jojo K Joseph1 Jikky P Shaji2

In India, women have a disproportionately low presence in top levels of management when compared to men. There is presence of certain barriers often referred as glass ceiling barriers which makes it difficult for women to develop their careers, especially in reaching managerial positions. The main purpose of this paper is to recognize the factors that contribute for glass ceiling of women employees in India and to summarize how these factors affect the career advancement of women. This paper undertakes an extensive review of literature on glass ceiling and career advancement of women and has identified various factors that hinder women’s career advancement.The main glass ceiling barriers identified wasfamily responsibilities, corporate practices, mentoring, networking, gender stereotypes, corporate culture and individual barriers. This paper attempts to provide a better understanding of how these factors act as a barrier to career advancement of women employees in India.

*Raghuveera Hathibelagal Goruva1, Anjaneyulu Vinukonda2, Neelesh Chaubey3, Harish Pandey4

Carfilzomib is a peptide epoxy ketone derivative, chemically; it is a tetra peptide epoxy ketone and an analog of epoxomicin. Carfilzomib is commercially available Carfilzomib for Injection, which is a lyophilized formulation available as 30 mg / vial and 60 mg / vial a sterile, white to off - white lyophilized powder and is available as a single - use vial. The current investigation was designed to alternative stable liposomal formulations.The inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that it is possible to prepare a stable lipid Nano composition of Carfilzomib. Liposomal formulations are less toxic than drugs alone and have better pharmacological parameters. Although they seem to be the first choice for drug delivery systems for various diseases.The usage of natural products in pharmaceuticals has steadily seen improvements over the last decade, and this study focuses on the utilization of palm oil in formulating liposomal Carfilzomib. The liposomal form of Carfilzomib generally minimizes toxicity and enhances target delivery actions. Taking into account the antiproliferative and antioxidant properties of palm oil, the aim of this study is to design and characterize a new liposomal Carfilzomib by replacing phosphatidylcholine with 5% and 10% palm oil content. Liposomes were formed using the freeze thaw method, and Carfilzomib was loaded through pH gradient technique and characterized through in vitro and ex vivo terms. Based on TEM images, large lamellar vesicles (LUV) were formed, with sizes of 438 and 453 nm, having polydispersity index of 0.21 ± 0.8 and 0.22 ± 1.3 and zeta potentials of about −31 and −32 mV, respectively. In both formulations, the entrapment efficiency was about 99%, and whole Carfilzomib was released through 96 hours in PBS (pH = 7.4) at 37°C. Comparing cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of LUV with on MCF7 and MDA-MBA 231 breast cancer cell lines indicated suitable uptake and lower IC50 of the prepared liposomes4.

Mr.Anirudha Hazra

World is striving to advance technologically and in an eco friendly way. These changes are now being witnessed in first, second and in third world countries also. But there are some people who also live in these worlds without caring for this progress. They live in the world of their own. They are misfit to these ever changing worlds. They are ‘nomads’, the bohemians cling to their own lifestyle not at all caring for future. Today is only important to them but tomorrow. Tomorrow is left for tomorrow.In the long past they had ancestral homes, good arable lands, but in course of time they were stripped of their hearth and home, forced to move to unfriendly infertile land by superior race. As such they found it difficult to continue living there and left it to eke out living elsewhere and become ‘nomads’ Nomads are found in many countries of the world. They are also found in many states of India viz. Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal etc. in West Bengal nomads of different origin are also found. These people never stay permanently anywhere. They live in open air or somehow made ‘Jhopries’, by the side of railway tracts, dilapidated buildings, outside of villages etc I.e. far from the madding crowd. They eke out living of anything I.e. sometime as agricultural laborers, performing black art, i.e. magic, tight rope walking, and circus tricks, as snake charmer etc.

Dr. Rubina Shahnaz

Education refers to a process of awareness building and sensitization, which can be geared to the education, school children to college and university students or to different occupational groups. So, environmental education takes care of the relationship of man with his fellow human beings in addition to man-nature relationship. In order to accomplish the goal, environmental education should develop certain standards, which prompt people, without fear of the law, to protect the environment. In our country the environmental problems seems to be a great challenge before the humanity. The investigators felt that many children are aware of the problems but are reluctant in doing something for the cause of environment. Most of them are hesitant in taking actions towards environmental protection. In the present study the main objective of the investigation is find out the difference of Environmental behavior of secondary school children towards their immediate Environment in reference to gender and types of schools.

Sasmita Nayak 1*, Mrs. Bijayalakshmi Dash 2, Mrs. Kamala Dei 3

Dengue is a very significant world public health problem which has largely been ignored in the developed world.Objectives : To find out the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge of school going children regarding dengue fever and find the association between posttest knowledge scores with their selected demographical variable. Methods: Data were collected from fifty school going children selected through simple random sampling technique, by using self-structured questionnaire from 17.4.2017 to 2.5.2017. Results: Highest percentages (50%) of the school children were in 11-12 years of age group. 56% of them were female. 62% of them were studying in sixth class. The overall pre-test mean knowledge score was 10.02±4.04 which was 29.47% of the total score whereas in post-test it was 25.24 ± 5.00 which was 74.23% and effectiveness was 44.76%. Further highly significant (p<0.05) difference was found between pre and post-test knowledge score whereas no significant (p<0.05) association was found between post-test knowledge score and all the selected demographic variable of the school going children revealing effectiveness of planned teaching programme.Conclusion: Findings of the study revealed that the knowledge of the school going children regarding dengue fever and its prevention were less before the introduction of PTP. Hence it can be concluded that PTP was an effective strategy for providing information and to improve knowledge of school going children regarding dengue fever. and this PTP can be utilized in creating awareness programme in prevention and control of dengue fever.

Madhushree Ghosh, Dr Amaresha M

The study has been conducted to understand the criterias which the builders consider significant in framing the housing prices. This is also a pilot study which will help us to determine the factors influencing the housing prices at a large scale.Real estate sector is a non-conventional yet vast market which connects different ancillary fields. Speaking about the major earnings from this sector which is considered as “Prices” of the properties, it is the builders who decide the final quotes. From the past few years it has been observed that all over India there is a deterioration in the housing prices. However, since the sector is well connected to so many other industries which in turn helps in the upliftment of employment criteria, an important question arises here- How do the builders/developers quote the final prices of the housing properties?Design/Methodology: In the current paper,we have interviewed 150 builders from different parts of Bangalore. As a part of statistical tools, we have used Descriptive analysis which includes the calculation of frequencies and percentages of builders who agree or disagree to different price related criterias. Findings: The results derived from the study show that builders view factors like legal documents, project amenities, property location, open spaces and eco-friendly facilities are major criteria for deciding the real estate housing prices.

Mr. Sandipan Pan

Urbanization means the growth of the number and size of the towns and the spreading of quality of life in towns. Naturally the growth and development is infrastructural development etc.). Primary target is to demonstrate the connection between urbanization and rural development. Urbanization is closely connected to regional development. There is no only one viable (universal) regional development trend. Sustainable development is one of the most important types of them. Lots of sign shows that certain parts of urbanization process could not be part of sustainable Development. Success of sustainable development in urbanization process depends on the relationship between towns and their rural territory different in several parts of the world. on the other hand the urbanization is not only effect to towns. It has also an effect on rural region. Several attendant Phenomenon belong to the urbanization (economic development, rural development.

Dr. Abhilasha Kumari

Many vegetation indices have been proposed over last decades made specialists search for the most suitable vegetation index for a given remote sensing application. Measuring the Quality of Place (QOP) is a hard task since it involves both physical and socio-economic dimensions. Being one of the major land use categories, urban vegetation plays a significant role in one?s judgment for QOP in a neighborhood. Both quantity and quality of the community parks and recreation areas are major determinants of neighborhood attraction. For these reasons, detection of urban vegetation cover has been one of the important implication areas of urban image classification techniques. “Transformed Difference Vegetation Index (TDVI) developed by Bannari et al. (2002), is tested in a previous work where the index has performed better than NDVI and SAVI. In that work, a comparative study between TDVI, SAVI and NDVI for estimating vegetation cover in urban environment from the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-1D) imagery has been conducted. The validation of the obtained results according to the ground truth showed that the TDVI is an excellent tool for vegetation cover monitoring in urban environment. It does not saturate like NDVI or SAVI, it shows an excellent linearity as a function of the rate of vegetation cover. This paper adds on the previous work by analyzing the performance of TDVI in urban image classification. Results indicate that, the performance of TDVI in urban image classification is better than NDVI and SAVI. The new index not only differentiates the urban vegetation cover better but also helps to minimize the error in classifying other unclassified pixels of urban categories.

Dr. B. R. Prasad Reddy

In Twenty First Century Human being landed on the moon, Science and Technology has achieved the new level in Researches and Development but the Human psychology is still in conflict with Existential Vacuum. On one side Human has all the facilities and comforts and on the other part he is struggling with anxiety. Therefore, Value Education indeed a key needs of Modern Era and Teacher should know how to balancing the obstacle coming on the way of Value Education. The present study attempts to discuss about the challenges in Value Education. Values are the guiding principles of life which are conducive to all round development. In inculcating values, all human faculties such as head, heart and hand should play a role. Value education covers the entire domains of learning, the cognitive, affective and psychomotor. They give direction and firmness to life and bring joy, satisfaction and peace to life. The higher virtue is to preach peace. This is the secret of morality, ethics, humanity, and civility. Peace is the process of progress and prosperity. Through inner peace, genuine world peace can be achieved. The importance of individual responsibility is quite clear; an atmosphere of peace must first be created within ourselves, then gradually expanded to include our families, our communities, and ultimately the whole planet.

Mr.Dipayan Das

Most likely the fist coin of India was minted just before 5th century BCE in northern and central India. The earliest coins of India are commonly known as Punch-marked coins. As the name suggests, these coins bear the symbol of various types, punched on metal pieces of specific size and weight. Issued initially by merchant Guilds and later by States, the coins represented a trade currency belonging to a period of intensive trade activity and urban development. They are broadly classified into two periods: the first period (attributed to the Janapadas or small local states) and the second period (attributed to the Imperial Mauryan period). The motifs found on these coins were mostly drawn from nature like the sun, various animal motifs, trees, hills etc. and some were geometrical symbols. In this write up we shall discuss the origin, growth and development of Punch marked coins in Indian Subcontinent in ancient times.

Sarani Banerjee

A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among single group nursing officers working in JIPMER hospital, Puducherry in morning and general shift. The result was calculated using expected proportion level of happiness from previous study which showed 28.9% of nurses having very good level of happiness. The sample size estimated using 10% precision, 5% significance level and sample size is 274, rounded of to 275. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The data was collected by using Oxford happiness scale questionnaire and association with demographic variables was done like- age, gender, education, years of experience, occupation, family income, marital status, and type of family. Overall it took around 15-20 minutes only. After one week, same nursing officers were asked to assemble in a common place at the same time. The same questionnaire was given to them to assess the reliability of the tool – by test and re-test method.Descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation and t test were used to statistically analyze the data. Mean value of happiness was 66 +_ 0.365, there was no significant correlation between happiness and socio demographic variables like- age (P=0.84), gender (P=0.26), occupation (P=0.60), education (P=0.61). However there was a significant relationship between years of experience and happiness level (P=0.047)

Tadele Tesfaye

Refugees as people crossing international borders in order to escape conflict or Human right violation have been a central focus of international relations.The presence of refugees has both positive and negative impacts on the socio-economic of the host community (Berry, 2008).Therefore, the study generally aims to investigate the socio economic impact of refugees in the Bambasi refugee camp on the host community who are living surrounding the camp. Specifically the study aimed to identify and the changes that the refugees and the refugee camp brought to the host community. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approach of data gathering.In the study, descriptive design was employed. Generally. sample size of 124 sample households was determined by using                 S = X2 NP (1-P) ÷ d2 (N-1) + X2P (1-P),such that 90 male households, 34 de facto women households,  chairman of kebeles, experts from office of agriculture and four aged person from rural kebeles were included by using multi stage sampling method.The study employed questionnaires, interviews, document reviewing and discussion with focus groups. On the basis and types of data gathered and the instrument used, both quantitative and qualitative techniques of data analysis or binary logistic regression supported by SPSS were employed. In order to calculate economic welfare loss, I used the change in price and the change in quantity demanded of goods and services. The formula to make the calculation is: Welfare Loss =   0. 5 * (P2 - P1) * (Q1 - Q2).The result of the study indicates that presence of refugee and establishment of refugee camp has greatly affected the livelihood of the host communities who are living around the camp. As the study indicated that the coming of refugees to this locality has helped the host communities to provide health service, clean water, school and generator that does not exist before.  Thus, to improve the lives of host communities and refugee Ethiopian government should reform camp policies which necessarily defend the social and economic condition of the local communities who are living around the camp. 

Aina Olayinka Christopher

This research works which focuses on the “socio-economic impacts of event centers on the wellbeing of host community in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria” tends to discover benefits derived by host community from various event centers as well as its impact on the economy development as a whole. Data for the research work were obtained from the event management, host community as well as the clients/customers of the events centers. A survey design was used and data analyzed using inferential statistics of percentage and frequency in determining the significance of hypotheses formulated. The major findings of the study show that various events centers have impact on the socio-economic wellbeing of their host community. The study recommends that more events centers should be established within Ekiti-State and Nigeria as a whole to improve the socio-economic wellbeing of other environment, it also encourage government at all levels to establish events centre at various area of the state for other citizens to be able to have access to event centers. The study sees event centers as means of creating more employment opportunity for the society as it has become a global and national activity in the current century.

KVVS Satyanarayana

When two or more religious belief systems are combined into a new system, this is known as religious syncretism. It may also be defined as the incorporation of beliefs from unconnected traditions into a religious tradition. Polytheism and numerous religious affiliations, on the other hand, are seen as diametrically opposed to one another. These situations can arise for a variety of reasons, with the latter scenario occurring quite frequently in areas where multiple religious traditions coexist in close proximity to one another and are actively practised in the culture. It can also occur when a culture is conquered, with the conquerors bringing their religious beliefs with them but not succeeding in completely eradicating the old beliefs, and especially the old practises.Faiths' beliefs or histories may have syncretic components, however members of these so-labeled systems sometimes object to the label's use, particularly those who belong to "revealed" religious systems, such as Abrahamic religions, or any system that takes an exclusivist stance. Syncretism is viewed as a betrayal of the pure truth by some supporters of such beliefs. According to this logic, introducing a belief that is incompatible with the original religion corrupts it and renders it untrue altogether. Indeed, detractors of a certain syncretistic trend may occasionally use the term "syncretism" as a derogatory pejorative, meaning that individuals who attempt to adopt a new idea, belief, or practise into a religious system are really distorting the original faith by doing so. A fatal compromise of the integrity of the prevailing religion is, according to Keith Ferdinando, as a result of this development. Religions that are not exclusivist, on the other hand, are likely to feel free to absorb other traditions into their own systems of thought.Many traditional beliefs in East Asian civilizations have become entwined with Buddhism due to the assumption that Buddhism is compatible with local religions. The Three Teachings, or Triple Religion, which harmonizes Mahayana Buddhism with Confucian philosophy and elements of Taoism, and Shinbutsu-shg, which is a syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, are two examples of notable concretizations of Buddhism with local beliefs. The Three Teachings, or Triple Religion, harmonizes Mahayana Buddhism with Confucian philosophy and elements of Taoism, and Shinbutsu-shg, which East Asian religious beliefs, practises, and identities (who, by any measure, constitute the majority of the world's Buddhists) frequently incorporate elements of other religious traditions, such as Confucianism, Chinese folk religion, Taoism, Shinto, and Korean shamanism, into their Buddhist beliefs, practises, and identities. Nichiren Shush priest Jimon Ogasawara advocated a fusion of Nichiren Buddhism and Shinto just before and during World War II, but his proposal was rejected. Over the millennia, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Zoroastrianism in ancient India have undergone several transformations, integrating aspects from a wide range of varied religious traditions.

Dr.Narasingha Narayan

Under TI Indian Constitution, ‘social security and social insurance’ falls under the Concurrent List (List III, item 23). Article 41 of the Constitution (Directive Principles of State Policy) lays down that ‘The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want’. Article 42 provides for securing ‘just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief’, and Article 43 enjoins upon the State to secure ‘to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work, ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities’. In this paper we evaluate the welfare scheme of government as well as development.

Li Jia, Gou Xin

In the new curriculum standards formulated by the state, the basic concept is clearly stated: "Promote national music and understand the cultural diversity of music". It shows that excellent traditional music has become a major part of classroom teaching, and the school's development of national instrumental music teaching has become an increasingly critical step to promote the comprehensive development of primary and secondary school students. Guzheng is China's unique ethnic plucked string instrument. It has a wide range of sounds, has a large number of playing techniques, and is highly expressive. Today, the shape of Guzheng is endless. For example, mini-Zheng and Half-Zheng can be fully used in the classroom, so it has certain teaching advantages. It seems necessary to introduce the teaching of guzheng in the quality education of elementary and middle schools.This article adopts the research method of interview method and questionnaire survey method to conduct a field survey on the current situation of music teaching in Jincheng Experimental Primary School. The main focus is on the analysis of the application of folk instrumental music in the classroom. The use of guzheng teaching as a supplementary method is very in line with the basic idea of the new curriculum standard. According to the school's teaching practice, it putsforward feasibility suggestions, so that students can enhance their national self-confidence and pride, lay the foundation for music, and improve their music literacy.  

Siddharth Sharma

  In recent years, information and communication technology has paved the way for accelerating the paradigm shift through providing more flexible ways of learning. The rapid growth in the use of learning technologies, particularly the use of the internet and web-based communication, has provided teachers many opportunities to explore the most suitable teaching and learning styles for a given task. The rapid and constant pace of change in technology has profound and far reaching implications on the teaching learning process. At this changing time, there is dire need of innovative ways of teaching and learning. Web Based Instructions promotes the adoption of progressive educational practices, a more holistic approach which focuses on individual student’s needs. The web allows students to assemble a set of rich resources easily. An important principle of teaching on web is to see whether a student has learnt the material and is successfully able to communicate to others.

Dr.Shyamaraja.T.

India is a largest growing economies in the world. There are several sectors helps to the expansion of economic growth. Among these sectors construction industry is the main field which leads to the spread of economic activities. Eighteenth century witnessed industrial revolution in England. The term industrialization refers the process which assists to the expansion of economic condition of any Informal or unorganized sector. In India nearly 273 million workers engaged in construction Industry in which 92 % of them are working in unorganized sectors. Undoubtedly the process of industrialization helps every nation for the economic development, simultaneously creates various social problems. Considering the fact, the present study aims to find out the socio- economic condition of construction workers with a sociological point of view in Chitradurga district.  Because the construction workers facing perilous condition and leading vulnerable life. Health hazards, economic instability, seasoned job are the main problems of these workers. Nonetheless, the present study tries to explain the  difficulty of construction workers in a sociological background.

K. Sitamanikyam, Haridasu Ravindra Kumar

  It is a weakness of our jurisprudence that the victims  of the crimes, and the distress of the dependants of the prisoner, do not attract the attention of the law .The District Legal Service Authority (DLSA) or the State Legal Service Authority (SLSA) needs to decide the quantum of compensation to be given under the scheme. Section 357A was a necessary enactment, and is useful, because the victim need not prove his case to get compensation under this section, which should hasten the process, but unfortunately the scheme is not being implemented completely. This paper analyses the plight of the victims of crimes under the Indian Criminal Justice System, and the importance of section 357A for protection of their rights. It further argues that that the scheme is not being implemented properly, and there is a lack of uniformity in the statute of each state. The verification procedure of these states is justified only if it does not hinder the compensation of a genuine victim. It explains the importance of immediate compensation, and the role of judiciary in the journey from the enactment to implementation of any scheme and statute. This paper concludes by suggesting changes that could be brought into the Indian Criminal judicial system for the betterment of the victim’s right and society atlarge.

Khansaa Hassan Al-Bahadli , Ph.D.

This study aims at investigating theeffect ofweekly quizzes on EFL collegestudents’ achievement, engagement, and attendance. To achieve the aim of the study, three null hypotheses have been tested as follows: There is no statistically significant difference between the mean score of the experimental group and that of the control in students' attendance; there is no statistically significant difference between the mean score of the experimental group and that of the control in students' achievement, and there is no statistically significant difference between the mean score of the experimental group and that of the control group  in students' engagement. To verify a hypothesis, a sample of sixty students is chosen randomly from the third year, department of English, Imam Al KadhumUniversity College. Two main instruments are used in this study. The first one is an observation checklist; the second is an achievement test thatis used to collect data needed. Results show that using weekly quizzes has positive impact on students’achievement, engagement, and attendance. In the light of these results, a Conclusion and some recommendationsare putting forward.  

Mr.Sutapa Dutta

Dhaniakhali block, with its non-municipal headquarter at Dhaniakhali, is one of the eighteen blocks of Hooghly district of West Bengal. It is highly famous for its cotton handloom products. It is very difficult to find out the exact time span of origin of the industry in this block, but it is clear that it has very old and strong culture heritage. A large number of people belonging to specific weaver caste known as ‘Tantubay’ in Bengal, live in Dhaniakhali and its surrounding villages. They are efficiently conducting the mechanism of this heritage craft. The weavers are presently engaged under different co-operative societies from where they collect raw materials for weaving and deposit the finished products to the co-operative societies in exchange of wages. These handloom products are distributed in local markets, all over India and abroad. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to bring in light several aspects related with the growth of the industry. At the same time this paper tries to highlight the problems and related with the industry.

Abiot Dagnew Chekol

The main purpose of this study was to investigate EFL teachers’ perceptions and practices of task-based language teaching (TBLT) in five selected preparatory schools in Dangila city and dangila woreda. All the 30 EFL teachers of the selected sample schools were comprehensively included in the study as a source of data. Convenient and comprehensive sampling techniques were used to select the sample schools and the participants respectively. After the data were collected through questionnaire, observation and interview, the analysis was carried out both quantitatively and qualitatively. In other words, close-ended questionnaire items were analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage and the data obtained from open-ended questionnaire items, observation and interview were analysed qualitatively using words. Following the data analysis, the findings revealed that the majority of EFL teachers seemed to have positive perception towards TBLT principles, but they practiced it to some extent regarding its principles and methodologies because of different challenges including; shortage of time to complete tasks, large class size, low language proficiency level of students, lack of authentic materials, lack of learners’ interest and difficulty in assessing learners’ task-based performance. Some recommendations were also forwarded based on the findings.

Dr. ShakirHussain Rather1, Dr.Salmanbhai Karbhari2, Dr. Humaira Mir3

A tooth is said to be impacted when its path of eruption into the occulsal plane is obstructed by the presence of another tooth, bone or soft tissue. Surgical removal of an impacted third molar is one of the most common oral surgical procedures performed by most dental surgeons and it requires a sound understanding of surgical principles and patient management skills. Careful examination, surgical planning, atraumatic surgical removal with proper postoperative care for successful procedure. Inferior alveolar nerve block, buccal nerve block, lingual nerve block, and local infiltration for homeostasis in the surgical field with 2% lidocaine hydrochloride were administered (1:80000 epinephrine). Bone Removal and crown sectioning using straight handpiece and a luxator(API L3IC, API L3C) used to luxate and remove the roots, the teeth were extracted and the socket was irrigated with normal saline, bony irregularities were corrected and sutures placed causing complete closure of the surgical site. Following the procedure, detailed postoperative instructions were given to the patients, and suitable antibiotics and analgesics were prescribed. After 5-7-day follow-up was done and no complications were reported.

Dr. Rafakul Noor

The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian Constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. The Constitution not only grants equality to women, but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women. Within the framework of a democratic polity, our laws, development policies, Plans and programmes have aimed at women’s advancement in different spheres. From the Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-78) onwards has been a marked shift in the approach to women’s issues from welfare to development. In recent years, the empowerment of women has been recognized as the central issue in determining the status of women. The National Commission for Women was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1990 to safeguard the rights and legal entitlements of women. The 73rd and 74th Amendments (1993) to the Constitution of India have provided for reservation of seats in the local bodies of Panchayats and Municipalities for women, laying a strong foundation for their participation in decision making at the local levels.

Dr. Y M V Naga Raja Rao 1 and Dr. K Pavan 2

MOOCs create enormous learning opportunities for those who are interested to learn new courses irrespective of curriculum. MOOCs provide learners to access resources from anywhere. With the changes in technology and availability of various tech gadgets people are interested to get access of[1] resources in these gadgets and are interested to learn online rather than traditional mode. By identifying the shift in learning process of learners most of the Universities are offering online modules in the form of MOOCs and they also made it as a part of curriculum. This paper mainly focuses on historical background, types, essential characteristics, trends, advantages and disadvantages of MOOCs.

M M Sohil

How a person becomes psychic and what are issues around him in the social environment. The study is intended to high light the current issues involved with the human, with his behavior, with his emotions and its surroundings which are considered consequential causes for depression, frustration, mental disorders, psychic, etc. The study is taken to engrave the reasons behind psychic of human being, inner anxiety, and dejection of self, living in a family or in any society. Attempts are made to explore the facts and heterogenic psychic of human being that is resulting in diverse distortion of human world. When this pollution increased it beget the mental patient, psychic, retardedness, depressed persons, and some became mad due to various reasons which are going to prove in the under consideration study. This pollution is caused by different factors which gradually increase psychological illusions, and a person became restless and helpless. The psychological pollution gets converted into mental traumas, psychic, madness, depression, superstitious mental illness, etc. This sort of study is tried to find out the areas and domains that caused this pollution in human being. The study will focus primarily on human being and attempts will be made to deal with the issues and problems faced by a person in and around the environment.

Dr. S.Seetha Lakshmi, Dr. Siddhartha Pal

In India the topic of menses is still a subject surrounded by taboos, misconceptions, blind beliefs and negative attitudes. Although menstruation is a natural process, still it is linked with several misconceptions and practices.It indicates the fertile period of every woman’s life and not only that it is equally responsible for production of ovum and preparation of uterus for pregnancy. In many parts of India menstruation is still considered to be dirty and impure. The only way to overcome all false beliefs and taboos is by educating and imparting knowledge to both men and women about this sensitive issue. Homoeopathy has a great scope in dealing with this. The guide to the selection of individualized homoeopathic medicine is totality of symptoms.

Osimen, Goddy Uwa,* Anegbode, E. John,Ph.D**, Isaac Adi, Ph.D***

The conflict-ridden West African sub-region is a showcase of uncontrolled SALW proliferation. Vast quantities of arms have flooded the region despite their rampant misuse by state and non-state actors alike. The widespread availability of small arms to abusive actors poses a threat of unprecedented magnitude to West Africa, far greater than that of HIV/AIDS or Covid-19 in terms of its socio-economic and human consequences. Because of this proliferation, the fabric of the sub-region itself is rapidly changing, moving toward self-destruction.It is on this backdrop the paper examined the role of ECOWAS and its Conventionin the Fight against SALW proliferation in the West Africa sub region. The paper revealed that, there are over one hundred million illicit  SALW in West Africa, which has continue to fuel countless armed conflict in the sub region despite the un-relented efforts of ECOWAS to eradicate the menace in the sub region. The paper furtherrevealed that ECOWAS Convention which seeks to combat the excessive and destabilizing accumulation of SALW within the sub region is nothing but a mirage as a resultof weak national controls and lack of international cooperation on arms control that have  led to the proliferation of these weapons on illicit markets.It was discovered that, the greatest barrier to resolving debates over gun policy in the sub region is the lack of comprehensive data and political will among the states. Hence, it concludes that, reducing SALW and the illicit transfer of weapons to combatants, criminals, and terrorists will require a fresh strategic approach with more defined objectives and greater commonality among the member states within the sub region. While the illicit proliferation of SALW presents one of the gravest security threats in modern times in the sub region, norms and frameworks, through ECOWAS such as theProgramme of Action to regulate and prohibit the transfer, manufacture and possession of small arms and light weapons among unauthorized persons/organization will be welcome development but, such measures must be promoted through transparency, cooperation and exchange of information among member states. 

Li Jia

Paul Brandon Gilbert is one of the greatest American virtuoso instrumental rock guitarists and has been best known of his huge commercial success with the band “Mr. Big” in which he is the lead guitarist and vocalist. Gilbert has been voted the fourth placer on «Guitar One» magazine “Top 10 Greatest Guitar Shredders of All Time.” He has been also ranked no. 8 in Guitar World’s “50 Fastest Guitarists of All Time” list. This case study demonstrates how the researcher as the event manager for Gilbert’s 2001 Shanghai Tour Concert. All the details were presented to provide a good example of efficient project management work flow for an legendary international artist’s sensational concert.This paper concludes that art management is especially important as a specialized discipline both academically and practically.Especially the role of art manager in concert preparation scenario can never be overestimated.

M. Mohan Dr. K. Someshwer Rao

The banks are prime intermediaries in mobilising the resources to various sectors of Indian economy. The flow of bank credit has a positive impact on the growth of the banking sector and contributes increasing the national income, employment and production. The present study analysing the operational performance of the public and private sector banks in India. The purpose of the study two public and private sectors banks SBI, PNB and HDFC, ICICI banks selected. The study period covers five years 2015 to 2019. The data analysis has been done using the ratio analysis, descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.

Ms.Biddut Barman

Every country possesses natural and human resources in varying proportions. Economic development refers to process of utilizing these resources for achieving higher standards of living for the people of the country. It is natural for each generation of people to aspite for a higher standard of living than what their parents were capable of, and to hope for even better standards for their children. Economists have been studying the changes in human nature that facilitate the momentum for economic growth and development.Although the terms are used interchangeably, a distinction is often made between economic growth and economic development. Economic growth refers to increase in output, while economic  development also suggests improvements in the quality of goods produced, the way production is organized and ultimately in improvements in the quality of life. All these factors together are known as structural changes. Thus, growth is a quantitative concept which can be measured; development is qualitative in nature and cannot be easily measured.Economic growth of a country is conventionally measured as percentage increase in gross domestic product (GDP) or Gross National Product (GNP) during one year. Economic growth can be either extensive or intensive. In the former, the economy uses more of its natural and human resources and grows, while in intensive growth, the economy uses its existing resources more efficiently.

Sajal Karjee, Madhusree Sarkar

Rural development hasreceivedglobal attention, especially in developing countries. Rural development is very important for countries, like India where the majority of the population(about 65%) live in rural areas. In India the present strategy of rural development is eliminate poverty, improve livelihoods and provide basic services and infrastructure facilities through various innovative programmes and self-employment. The term “RuralDevelopment” is the overall development of rural areas to improve the quality of life of rural people, and it is a process leading to sustainable improvement in the quality of life of rural people especially the poor (Ramesh, 2012). This article overviews the study to find out the present status of rural development in Cooch BeharII Block.According to 2011 census 85- 90% population of the district depends on agriculture. So it may helpful for understanding the rural economic development and increases ruralproduction, employment and  income levels of this block.

Etim, Victoria Enefiok

The study on the word formation deficits in children with specific language impairment (SLI) was aimed at identifying children with specific language impairment who are affected in the process of word formation. It is very common to have children with specific language impairment being confronted with the challenge of word formation. This study therefore, sets out to investigate the deficits in simple past inflections and plural morphemes as they are manifested in children with specific language impairment (CWSLI) in Hillcrest Junior Special Schoo, Calabar, Cross River Sate, Nigeria. It also sought to examine the severity of the disorders in order to provide data as the first step towards a critical intervention. The study involved 20 CWSLI between the ages of 5 and 17 years from Hillcrest Junior special school in Calabar. 10 boys and 10 girls. Validated Word Structure (WS) assessment comprising 10 pictures and 10 sentences completion tasks as well as reliability test re-test of mean length of utterance (MLU) were used to collect data for the study. The children were made to repeat the story contained in a passage of 100 utterances which were recorded and eventually transcribed for analysis using Systematic Analysis of Language Transcript (SALT) Software. The theory of word-based model was adopted for the descriptive analysis. From the findings, the study confirmed that there is alarming deficits of word formation in CWSLI within the study area. It was revealed that between 65% and 70% of errors were found in the utterances of each of the 20 subjects examined. It also revealed that the value of mean length of utterance in all the subjects was below 5.0. It was therefore recommended that parents, teachers and caregivers should pay attention to the language development of their wards so as to observe any deviation during the development. Also, recommended that a state/nation-wide survey should be carried out to have national statistics of CWSLI with word formation deficits and develop intervention strategies for effective therapy to remediate the disorder.

Tadele Tesfaye Labiso

The overall objective of this study is to explorethe practice and challenges of villagization; in the selected woredas of the Assosa zone  BeninshangulGumuzregional state. To achieve goals of the survey study mixed research method was employed.Generally.the Sample size of 168 sample households were determined by using S = X2NP(1-P) ÷ d2 (N-1) + X2P (1-P), The research employed exploratory research design on the challenges and implementation of the program, and it applied mainly qualitative methods. On the basis and types of data gathered and the instrument used, both quantitative and qualitative techniques of data analysis or binary logistic regression supported by SPSS was employed.To calculate economic welfare lossI, used the change in price and the change in quantity demanded of goods and services. Welfare Loss = 0. 5 * (P2 - P1) * (Q1 - Q2).The only good thing about this life was farming since people had fertile lands. But, when villagization was implemented the lives of the villagers improved because they started to have better access to social services. The study showed that villagization was implemented voluntarily and based on the consent of the local people. However, it is possible to conclude that villagization has significantly improved the lives of the villagers by bringing positive changes that did not exist before. people.

Mr.Mohan Sharma

Coral reefs of the Gulf of Kachchh are in a highly degraded condition, when compared with other three major coral reef regions of India. In correlation with geographical and oceanographical changes, its arid climate and the semi-diurnal tidal amplitudes fluctuations hamper the recovery of the reef. Soft corals may play the alternative key role in maintaining the ecological role in the degraded reef ecosystem in the absence of hard corals. Re-colonization of soft corals on the degraded reefs is among the first steps to make them to recover gradually. Present Line Intercept Transect survey (LIT) conducted in a reef of the Gulf inferred the possibility to recovery of the reefs due to the colonization of soft corals on the bare coral boulders.

Khalid Deshmukh1, Gaaminepreet Singh1

Renal impairment is frequently caused by blockage of the urine flow through urinary tract. Obstructive nephropathy can be induced by either unilateral or bilateral obstruction of ureter. For a long time, obstructive nephropathy was thought to be only a mechanical issue. Recent developments in cell and systems biology, have shown a complex physiopathology including a large number of molecular mediators of injury that contribute to cellular processes such as apoptotic cell death, cell injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. A chronic blockage causes tubular and glomerular obstruction. In addition to the acute impact on glomerular filtration rate and tubule function, interstitial damage also caused by the activation of several pathways. Chronic tubulointerstitial damage develops when tubulointerstitial injury progresses. Tubular atrophy,hypertropy, inflammatory cell infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis are signs of renal injury. Based on current knowledge of the pathophysiology of renal damage, this minireview highlights the emerging events observed in obstructive nephropathy.

Eldhose A.M,

Health care expenditure cuts poor households’ budget in two ways. Not only they have to spend a large amount of money and resources on medical care but they are also unable to earn during illness. Apart from the direct cost of treatment like cost on medicines, diagnostic tests and consultation fees etc, the patient has also to bear a high burden by way of a series of other costs termed as indirect cost such as expenses on transport, room rent, food etc during stay in the hospital, opportunity cost of lost wages of the sick as well as of the bystander and other forms of expenditure which are all associated with an illness episode. Very often, the poor have to borrow funds at a high interest rate to meet the high medical expenditure which carries them into indebtedness, further aggravating the intensity of health burden. Ill health and poor access to health services are increasingly seen as major dimensions of poverty. Poor people are caught in a vicious circle; poverty breeds ill health, ill health results in improvishment and indebtedness. Though health has been considered a fundamental human right since the Alma Ata Declaration (1978), expenditure on health is often unexpected and can be catastrophic in nature. There is no doubt that health insurance will be one of the high priority areas as far as workers, health care providers and insurance companies are concerned. Thus, health insurance could be a way of overcoming financial handicaps, improving access to quality medical care and providing financial protection against high medical expenses.

Khalid Deshmukh1, Gaaminepreet Singh1

Renal impairment is frequently caused by blockage of the urine flow through urinary tract. Obstructive nephropathy can be induced by either unilateral or bilateral obstruction of ureter. For a long time, obstructive nephropathy was thought to be only a mechanical issue. Recent developments in cell and systems biology, have shown a complex physiopathology including a large number of molecular mediators of injury that contribute to cellular processes such as apoptotic cell death, cell injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. A chronic blockage causes tubular and glomerular obstruction. In addition to the acute impact on glomerular filtration rate and tubule function, interstitial damage also caused by the activation of several pathways. Chronic tubulointerstitial damage develops when tubulointerstitial injury progresses. Tubular atrophy,hypertropy, inflammatory cell infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis are signs of renal injury. Based on current knowledge of the pathophysiology of renal damage, this minireview highlights the emerging events observed in obstructive nephropathy.

Ajimuse, Muyiwa Sunday; Babalola, Oludare Ezekiel

This paper observes on-the-job training as a determinant gadget for teachers’ productivity in Lagos, Nigeria. It explained the concept of human resources development and its importance to organizational goal attainment and development. It also highlighted the concept and types of training, the need for staff training and development in the education sector, management training and teachers’ development agencies in Nigeria. It further analyzed the concept of productivity. It gave an insight on the impact of on-the-job training as a determinant gadget for teachers’ productivity. Recommendations were given. It was concluded that apart from all other motivating factors, the most determinant gadget for the enhancement of teachers and other staffs’ productivity is on-the-job training. And that through on-the-job training, teachers and any staffs can acquire positive and necessary skills and additional knowledge that in turn enhances and improves his/her job responsibilities.

Kumar Ajith K.

The women domestic workers are neglected class of unorganized sector,although many social security measures and wage guarantee legislations are enacted, yet the working conditions and socio-economic status of women domestic workers are still in malady. The onset of covid-19 pandemic towards end of 2019 made matter highly worse for women domestic workers, by makingthem jobless and restrict to stay home finding hard to meet both ends. Many of these women are infected by covid-19 and several died of insufficient treatment and poor health conditions. The treatment charges in private hospitals for covid-19 is too high to afford by daily earning women domestic workers. Even after Kerala government put a cap to various covid treatment costs in private hospitals, the second wave of covid-19 witnessed filling up of governmenthospitals with patients and many of the people are forced to rely on private hospitals to save life. It is high time to think theinsufficient economic and health schemes of women domestic workers and provide a comprehensive multi-faceted developmental policy toadopt by government. Objectives:  The primary objective of the study is to analyze the covid-19 treatment affordability of women domestic workers in private hospital in association with their monthly family income.Methods/Statistical operations: The study is conducted in Palakkad district of Kerala state. The sampling technique adopted is simple random method from different age group of women domestic workers. A total of 150 women domestic workers is identified and tool used for survey is structured interview according to the convenience of the respondents.Findings: The study found that the covid- 19 treatment charges fixed by government is still unaffordable to majority of income range groups and only 5 percent have monthly family income to afford thefive-daygeneral ward treatment charges with normal medicines in private hospitals.

Oke, Christiantus Ifeanyi A. (Ph.D Masajuwa, Florence U. (PhD)

The study is an appraisal of Nigeria’s educational system and its responsiveness to national security. It took an introspective evaluation of the general state of security in Nigeria with a view to finding out if the system of education in practice has had any meaningful impact. The study further interrogated the national policy on education which is based on her philosophy of education as articulated through the nation's national objectives in other to demonstrate the extent to which the citizenry have imbibed and deployed them as tools for national security. In other to achieve the purpose of this paper, the researchers relied on the secondary sources of data and reviewed so many scientific articles on the existing body of knowledge on the subject. This study discovered that although the policy makers and educational planners had made adequate provisions in the curriculum, there is a lacuna between the policy objectives and the policy outcomes. It is obvious from this paper that the education system in Nigeria has not contributed significantly to the national security question. The system has not encouraged the students in particular and the public in general to volunteer security information that could lead to safety of lives and property to law enforcement agencies. Hitherto, Nigeria’s educational system is not geared towards provision of job creation and employments, hence, the need to reposition it. Among other things, this study recommends that national security and defense studies should be included in the curriculum and scheme of work from elementary school till the first year in the university.

Mr.Biswajit Debnath

Jalpaiguri is one of the most backward districts of west Bengal where poverty is a barrier to development. Generally poverty is measured by Below Poverty Line (BPL) indices in rural areas. Below poverty line is an economic bench mark and poverty threshold used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. Poverty refers to the condition of not having the means to afford basic human need such as clean water, nutrition care, clothing and shelter. This paper is attempted to study the poverty status with some remedial measures.

Hem Chandra Kalita

                Wetlands constitute one of the most important ecosystem on the earth. They are valuable as sources, sinks and transformers of a multitude of Chemical, Biological and Genetic materials. They have been found to cleanse polluted water, prevent flood and recharge ground water aquifers. Furthermore wetlands play major role in the landscape by providing unique habitats for a wide variety of flora and fauna.The relationship between human history and wetlands is very old. Wetlands include swamps, bogs, marshes, fens and other wet, ecosystem found throughout the world under many names. They are found in every continent except Antarctica. They cover about 6 per cent of the global land surface.Wetlands are lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface of the land is covered by shallow water. In Assam there are 3513 wetlands covering area of 101231.60 hectare. Historically these wetlands have been acting as nodes of the natural drainage systems and provide a variety of resources to the people living around. But during recent period, human activities like expansion of settlements, modernization of agriculture, cattle rearing and certain constructional activities in the wetland fringes, excessive fishing and floral resource exploitation have contributed to their degradation. This has resulted in a large number of ecological and economic problems such as loss of bio-diversity, flood and siltation, water pollution, scarcity of animal feeds and poverty among the fishing communities. In this study therefore an attempt has been made to analysis the human induce changes in the wetland ecology of Assam taking Goalpara district as an example.

Dr. Asifa Parveen Dr. Naaz Akhtar Siddique

The history of crimes and criminals is as old as human civilization itself and torture has been considered as the most barbarous act against humanity as it constitutes the very denial of the essence of human rights. Custodial violence is a very broad term and it includes deaths, rape, torture, illegal arrest and detention, false implication, disappearance from police custody and other police excess.The practice of brutal behavior and severe punishment for criminals were prescribed in various hindu scriptures in ancient India. Torture and violence have been identified with the police in India ever since the Vedic age (2000 to 1400 B.C.). In fact, the contemporary penology has its roots in ancient India. All the barbaric methods of torture such as cutting of tongue, pouring molten hot lead in the ears, throat cutting the limbs, whipping etc. were well known and were part of the law of the land. During medieval period especially in pre -Mughal period the justice was made less intricate. There was no place for individual's liberty; severe punishments were inflicted on them. But it was Jahangir who interdicted the cutting of noses and ears, but he left other forms of amputation untouched.Thus the history of custodial violence has been the past and parcels of the history of mankindand it apparent from the study that very harsh punishment was prescribed for the criminals and suspects from the time immemorial. There were no legal procedures in various cases and summary justice by king seemed to have been the ordinary course. In this article an attempt has been made here to trace out the Genesis of the custodial violence in India. The historical retrospection of custodial violence has been divided under three heads, viz. Ancient India, Medieval India and Modern India, under these three heads, the position of criminals, accused and detainees in ancient times has been discussed.

Oke, Christiantus Ifeanyi A. (Ph.D) Masajuwa, Florence U. (PhD)

The study is an appraisal of Nigeria’s educational system and its responsiveness to national security. It took an introspective evaluation of the general state of security in Nigeria with a view to finding out if the system of education in practice has had any meaningful impact. The study further interrogated the national policy on education which is based on her philosophy of education as articulated through the nation's national objectives in other to demonstrate the extent to which the citizenry have imbibed and deployed them as tools for national security. In other to achieve the purpose of this paper, the researchers relied on the secondary sources of data and reviewed so many scientific articles on the existing body of knowledge on the subject. This study discovered that although the policy makers and educational planners had made adequate provisions in the curriculum, there is a lacuna between the policy objectives and the policy outcomes. It is obvious from this paper that the education system in Nigeria has not contributed significantly to the national security question. The system has not encouraged the students in particular and the public in general to volunteer security information that could lead to safety of lives and property to law enforcement agencies. Hitherto, Nigeria’s educational system is not geared towards provision of job creation and employments, hence, the need to reposition it. Among other things, this study recommends that national security and defense studies should be included in the curriculum and scheme of work from elementary school till the first year in the university.

Anchal Sandillya1 Ms.Deepti Sharma2 Dr. Praveen Gupta3

Parkinson’s diseasewith cardinal feature of bradykinesia is a movement disorder. The effect of cueing in disorders like parkinsons patients ,stroke, spinal cord injury for improving motor skills and gait and lower limb functions have long been investigated by the Researchers, but there are dearth of studies evaluating the effect of cueing on fine motor skills in patients with parkinson’s disease. Hence this study tries to investigate the effect of auditory cueing on fine motor skills in Parkinson’s disease.Methodology - 25 diagnosed Parkinson’s patients having primary level of education, with mean age 72±5 yrs in Hoehn and Yahr stages 1 to 3 of disease  and MMSE score above 24 were included in the study. Two groups were formed; one group performing activities with auditory cueing and other group performing activities without auditory cueing. Scores were calculated using Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test.Results - Mean values of pre and post intervention timings on Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test werecalculated. Group with auditory cueing showed improvement in total sores of subtests of Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test with mean and standard deviation (58.51±2.69) seconds in dominant hand and (54.59±2.43) seconds in non-dominant hand, whereas, Group without auditory cueing showed improvement in total sores of subtests of Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test with mean and standard deviation of (13.39±2.07) seconds in dominant hand and (13.52±1.96) seconds in non-dominant hand.Conclusion- Auditory cueing is proved to be an effective method in improving fine motor skillsin patients with Parkinsons disease.

Mr. Sandipan Das

An urban area is defined as an area with a population of more than 5000, a density of more than 400 persons per square kilometer, and with 75 per cent of its male workers engaged in non-agricultural profession. State governments have flexibility in defining urban areas for administrative purposes. It is not possible to give a precise figure of the degree of urbanization in the world, due to different definitions of the level of urbanization used by countries. However, what can be said with certainty is that the world will get increasingly urbanized, as most new manufacture and investment will take place in urban areas. In this paper we want to discuss the urbanization and development.

Dr.Narasingha Narayan

Under the Indian Constitution, ‘social security and social insurance’ falls under the Concurrent List (List III, item 23). Article 41 of the Constitution (Directive Principles of State Policy) lays down that ‘The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want’. Article 42 provides for securing ‘just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief’, and Article 43 enjoins upon the State to secure ‘to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work, ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities’. In this paper we evaluate the welfare scheme of government as well as development.

Mr.Gama Mohanto

Perception of environmental resources is one of the key factors in development of material culture of the people. The natural environment has opened up a number of elements and possibilities to convert them as resources. Sometimes a single object may have multiple resource possibilities and their utilization as resource depends upon the applied knowledge and experience of the people. The physical environment of the study area of the state of Orissa has created immense scope of marine resource development. Fishing is one of the most important resource processes in the state. Here three different types of fishing namely, marine fishing, brackish fishing and inland fishing have developed. Both inland fishing and brackish fishing have been developed by the Oriya people of the state whereas marine fishing in the state has been developed by the migrant people of Telugu community. Herein the role of perception is the key factor in the growth of resource processing. In the present paper, the role of perception in evolution of marine fishing in the study area is studied with the background of physical resource potentialities, difficulties and prospects of other resource processes. The degree and magnitude of influence of perception on the material culture of fishermen of Orissa has also been taken into consideration in this paper.

Mr. Sankar Biswas

Urbanization means the growth of the number and size of the towns and the spreading of quality of life in towns. Naturally the growth and development is different in several parts of the world. On the other hand the urbanization is not only effect to towns. It has also an effect on rural region. Several attendant phenomenons belong to the urbanization (economic development, rural development, infrastructural development etc.). Primary target is to demonstrate the connection between urbanization and rural development. Urbanization is closely connected to regional development. There is no only one viable (universal) regional development trend. Sustainable development is one of the most important types of them. Lots of sign shows that certain parts of urbanization process could not be part of sustainable development. Success of sustainable development in urbanization process depends on the relationship between towns and their rural territory.

Mr.Sudipta Raha

Flood simply means inundation of extensive land area with water for several days in continuation. Generally, floods are considered to be associated with rivers and people conceive floods as the outcome of accumulation of huge volume of water coming out of the rivers through overtopping of river banks during peak discharge period. In fact, flood is an attribute of physical environment and thus is a component of hydrogical cycle of a drainage basin. It may be pointed out that flood is natural phenomenon and is a response to rainfall but it becomes hazard and disaster when it causes colossal loss to human live and property. It is also important to note that floods are also aggravated by human activities and thus flood hazard is both natural as well as man-induced rather man-accentuated phenomenon. Floods are very often associated with alluvial rivers draining extensive alluvial and flood plains. About 3.5 per cent of the total geographical area of the world is covered by flood plains which house about 16.5 per cent of the total population of the world. The most notorious rivers of the world in terms of devastating floods 2nd resultant damage to natural environment (riparian decay) and loss of human lives and property are the Ganga and its major tributaries.

Mr.Sutapa Banik

The Teesta Barrage Project that had been conceived way back in 1975-76 had a grand plan for revival of the agricultural economy of six North Bengal districts - Cooch Behar, Jalpaiguri, Darjeeling, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and Malda - which did not have any industrial base. More than 35 years down the line, it remains far from complete, even though the needs may have changed and there is little chance that that the entire project, as originally conceived, would ever be executed. Though the original plan was to construct the project in three different phases and divide the first phase into three different stages.Of these three stages, the first one was divided into two sub-stages. But, after more than three decades, construction is still going on for the first sub-stage of stage I. At the completion of the entire project, the original plan was to bring under irrigation 922,000 hectares and at the completion of the first sub-stage of Stage-I, 342,000 hectares was supposed to get irrigation water. This paper is attempted to study the socio-economic impact of Teesta Barrage Project.

Mr.Avinaba Kassap

This paper proposes that gahapatis and se??his had always been interested in landed property; and when Buddhist monasteries began to emerge as the land owning institution by the early centuries of Christian era, the cordial relationship between the gahapatis and se??his and Buddhist monasteries seem to crumble down. The gahapatis disappeared by the mid first millennium AD, the se??his appear to have taken up administrative positions in order to secure their trading interests at the same time. Hence, the relationship between the gahapatis and se??his and Buddhist monastery is the main focus of this paper. The paper problematizes this relationship and simultaneously aims to answer the following questions: first, what type of changes took place in the social position of gahapatis and se??his in relation to land, office (state administration) and trade between circa 100 to 800 AD?; Second, what type of changes took place in Buddhist sangha’s social outlook in relation to landed property?; And, third, what was the impact of these changes upon the relations of gahapatis and se??his with the Buddhist sangha?

Mr.Tapas Pyne

Dispossession and forced separation of a section of people from the means of production are inextricably associated with state-led economic development. In an inherited post-colonial development paradigm, a ‘top down’ approach followed in India excluded the people living at the bottom of the socio-economic ladder as equal partners who with respect to rising ‘mainstream’ material expectations experience ‘dispossession’ by displacement. Radicalism based on this ground reality, a consequence of uneven development across social and economic categories and across regions, becomes a corollary that concerns both the state and the civil society. Rather than withdrawing from the system that evolved and got fractured over time, the paper opines, the state has to play a key role in development the beginning and base of which has to be to take into confidence the marginalized sections of the society like the tribal people, the downtrodden, and the poor as dignified and equal partners.

Ms.Rama Biswas

In brief it is mainly a discussion on the tribal and non-tribal structure of society of the state of Sambalpur. Within this social hierarchy, the Chauhans stood first, followed by various tribal groups like the Binjhals, Kondh, and Sahara etc. The Chauhans maintained a balance of relationship within their tribal population. They created all possible conveniences to attract people of the higher social groups from outside to settle in their kingdom. To arrive at a definite historical conclusion as to how the social structure was designed by the Chauhans of Sambalpur, the author of the article consulted the only contemporary as well as authentic Sanskrit courtly chronicle of sixteenth century, ‘Kosalananda Kavyam’, the eighteenth century authentic Lariya courtly chronicle ‘Jaya Chandrika’and other vernacular sources of seventeenth century such as ‘Sasisena Kavya’, ‘Sambala Mansa’. Nineteenth century British accounts are used adequately as well. This paper is an attempt at providing certain observations on the social structure of western Orissa under the Chauhans of Sambalpur during sixteenth to eighteenth century.

V.M. Ravi Kumar

Environmental history offers systematic documentation of human environmental relationship in the past. Fascinating literature on environmental history has been produced in the last three decades in India. This articles attempts to propose a historiographical review of this new frontier of historical inquiry. Three of the following aspects are highlighted: core areas covered under environmental history: broad trends that are used in structuring environmental history and further prospects to explore ecological dimension of India history.

Mr.Dipayan Das

Most likely the fist coin of India was minted just before 5th century BCE in northern and central India. The earliest coins of India are commonly known as Punch-marked coins. As the name suggests, these coins bear the symbol of various types, punched on metal pieces of specific size and weight. Issued initially by merchant Guilds and later by States, the coins represented a trade currency belonging to a period of intensive trade activity and urban development. They are broadly classified into two periods: the first period (attributed to the Janapadas or small local states) and the second period (attributed to the Imperial Mauryan period). The motifs found on these coins were mostly drawn from nature like the sun, various animal motifs, trees, hills etc. and some were geometrical symbols. In this write up we shall discuss the origin, growth and development of Punch marked coins in Indian Subcontinent in ancient times.

Subhash Deshkukh

In preponderance of the cases the ongoing development model propelled by the market forces often goes against the interest of the very section of people that sacrifice their hearth and home for economic development of the nation. In order to throw light on the inadequacy of the state’s resettlement and rehabilitation policy measures for the people affected by the modern development projects and their social and ecological consequences on the livelihood of the ecosystem people, the paper attempts to make a critical analysis of the present state of living of the families displaced during 1950s and 1960s by three public sector steel plants in India. The findings are based on primary data collected by the author through fieldwork in the three steel cities and their peripheries during 2007-08.

Dr.Nasim Akter

The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian Constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. The Constitution not only grants equality to women, but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women. Within the framework of a democratic polity, our laws, development policies, Plans and programmes have aimed at women’s advancement in different spheres. From the Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-78) onwards has been a marked shift in the approach to women’s issues from welfare to development. In recent years, the empowerment of women has been recognized as the central issue in determining the status of women. The National Commission for Women was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1990 to safeguard the rights and legal entitlements of women. The 73rd and 74th Amendments (1993) to the Constitution of India have provided for reservation of seats in the local bodies of Panchayats and Municipalities for women, laying a strong foundation for their participation in decision making at the local levels.

Debajit Bhuyan

Around 85.90 percent of population in Assam lives in rural areas (as per Population Census, 2011), which is very high as compared to the national level. The agriculture sector dominated the rural economy of the State in terms of employment. But the contribution to the State GDP is very low as compared to the national level as well as other States in India. There are number of reasons found behind it by the researchers and policy makers. For example, traditional methods of cultivation, poor infrastructure facilities and poor skill of workers etc As a result the rural workers moved towards different activities. In this study, an attempt was made to examine the rural livelihood pattern in the Lakhimpur district of Assam. The whole Study based on both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data was collected through multi-stage sampling technique. The total number of sample of the study was 90. The results of the study found that majority of surveyed households in the surveyed areas dependent on cultivation and allied activities for their livelihood. However, a small portion household found to involve in different non-agriculture activities as well as agriculture for earning income and fulfill their basic needs. But, the available activities in the surveyed areas were found very low. A limited numbers of activities found in the study area where all the workers were involved.  

Mr.Anirudha Hazra

World is striving to advance technologically and in an eco friendly way. These changes are now being witnessed in first, second and in third world countries also. But there are some people who also live in these worlds without caring for this progress. They live in the world of their own. They are misfit to these ever changing worlds. They are ‘nomads’, the bohemians cling to their own lifestyle not at all caring for future. Today is only important to them but tomorrow. Tomorrow is left for tomorrow.In the long past they had ancestral homes, good arable lands, but in course of time they were stripped of their hearth and home, forced to move to unfriendly infertile land by superior race. As such they found it difficult to continue living there and left it to eke out living elsewhere and become ‘nomads’ Nomads are found in many countries of the world. They are also found in many states of India viz. Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal etc. in West Bengal nomads of different origin are also found. These people never stay permanently anywhere. They live in open air or somehow made ‘Jhopries’, by the side of railway tracts, dilapidated buildings, outside of villages etc I.e. far from the madding crowd. They eke out living of anything I.e. sometime as agricultural laborers, performing black art, i.e. magic, tight rope walking, and circus tricks, as snake charmer etc.